The origin of this book is connected with the 19th conference of IWGP (International Workgroup for Palaeoethnobotany) organised in České Budějovice in June 2022 by home institutions of the authors. This particular conference is special in one aspect - after 54 years from the foundation of IWGP, it is only the 2nd time that the conference takes place in the territory of today s Czech Republic. The book brings an overview of the history and the current state of the field of archaeobotany in the context of the scientific and social development in the Czech lands from the 19th century to the present.